When Trump won in 2016 I had reasonable faith in the strength of the American system. When various observers saw Trump as a fascist who would destroy the American system I was not alarmed. Congress, the Supreme Court, a lively press, would restrain his worst impulses. Besides, I viewed Trump not as a fascist, since Hitler had principles — bad principles, but principles nonetheless. I thought, and still think, that Trump’s guiding principle is doing what is good for Donald Trump.
And I was right. Although Trump’s misdeeds were many, including encouraging the revolt of 6 January 2021, by and large the system held. Trump lost the election in 2020 and slinked away from the White House. His numerous attempts to nullify the election failed, all the way up to the Supreme Court.
He was finished, I thought. A lot of people thought the same about Hitler after the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. Hitler was not only convicted, he went to prison.
But I was wrong.
Many Americans voted for Donald Tump not despite, but because of everything they knew about him, just as Germans voted for Hitler despite all they knew about him.
Why? This will be long discussed, but I think the basic reasons are the same reasons that led many Germans to support Adolf Hitler. They felt the political system had failed them. They didn’t want to improve the system, they wanted to demolish it and start over. The fact that Hitler was a convicted criminal was a plus, not a minus. He had only tried to save the country.
The Nazis got few votes in the 1928 Reichstag election. Germany seemed to be on an upward trajectory. The future seemed promising. In 1930 the Great Depression had arrived, and it was considerably worse in Germany than in the United States. The existing parties had had 12 years to work things out and they had failed. There seemed to many Germans little point in trying to repair a broken system. Better to began again.
The Nazis had a major victory, going from 12 to 107 seats in the Reichstag.
Many of Trump’s supporters are of the same mind. There are people in rural areas who feel ignored and disparaged by those on the coasts and big cities, men unsure of their future (there are fewer good jobs that will enable them to support a family), Christians who feel threatened by an increasingly secular country, people for whom the confusions of modern culture are deeply unsettling, these and others.
I occasionally visit the most disputable social media site, Gab. It is filled with people who are not only unhappy with the status quo, but bitterly eager to destroy it. Most are convinced that the world is controlled by vast conspiracies out to poison them with vaccines, subject them to the slavery of a new world order, take away their guns, corrupt their children in public schools, and on and on. They are deadly serious, full in Auden’s words of “passionate intensity.” Many are Christians nationalists. Some almost worship Donald Trump, the “Lord’s Anointed.”
Now comes Trump and says: “I will bring back the good old days. I will protect the faith. I will do what you think needs to be done. I will make the country great again.” This was a popular message in 1930. It is a popular message today.
Hitler’s basic principles of propaganda can be condensed to these principles:
1. Make the message simple.
2. Repeat it incessantly.
3.Appeal to emotions.
4. Say what the audience longs to hear, not what is true.
Trump is simply a master at applying these principles. He speaks to people unhappy with the existing system and promises to demolish it and build anew.
And that brings me to the title of this essay: “The Enabling Act of 2024”.
Hitler was appointed Chancellor on 30 January 1933. His position was insecure. He was surrounded by traditional politicians who were confident they could control him. The aged Chancellor Hindenburg had appointed Hitler and could depose him. The guardrails were in place.
They did not last long. The Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933 provided Hitler with the ability to persuade the Reichstag and President Hindenburg to agree to the Enabling Act, which granted Hitler dictatorial powers. He used them immediately. Using his new powers, he destroyed the old system. He abolished political parties. He got rid of independent labor unions. He made over the press to his liking. He moved to control the Protestant church. He proceeded against the Jews. There were no more guardrails.
The guardrails were in place in the United States in 2016 and they worked. The country survived his four years.
2024 is different. There are now no guardrails. Trump will be president again. He has a craven Senate, and almost certainly a craven House. He appointed three Supreme Court members, and will likely have opportunity to appoint one or two more. That court ruled that the powers of the president are almost unlimited. And Trump has made his intentions perfectly clear (as, indeed, Hitler had done). He is going to destroy the old system.
I take him at his word.
Germans in 1933 increasingly felt unsafe expressing contrary views. They spoke of the “German glance,” a quick look around to see if anyone was listening. The Nazis spoke of Gleichschaltung, coordination. And people readily coordinated. Just one story from March 1933: A mother is walking through town with her young son and sees her sister across the street. “Go over to Auntie Berta and make your ‘Heil Hitler,’” she told her son. It was safer that way.
Trump has plans this time to move fast from his first day. There will be a raft of executive orders. The Justice Department will go after his enemies. People will quickly realize that there is safety in silence.
Even before the election I read several mentions of people adjusting to a prospective Trump victory. See, for example, an article in the Columbia Journalism Review titled “On anticipatory obedience and the media.” Such behavior will only increase.
Germany survived Hitler, but only barely. Whatever Trump’s flaws, he is unlikely to start a genocidal war and with time, I hope, the evils of his policies will become evident even to many of his supporters, but before that happens I fear great miseries will visit us.
To use Lenin’s phrase, “What is to be done?” I don’t know. But lots of people are thinking about it, and I hope good ideas will emerge. I will be looking for them.